Juyin Mulki a Mali: Yadda za a warware matsalar

A karo na biyu cikin wata 10, Kanar Assimi Goïta ya aiwatar da juyin mulki a Mali, inda yake riƙe da shugaban riƙon ƙwarya Bah Ndaw da Firaminista Moctar Ouane bayan zarginsu da gazawa wajen aiwatar da ayyukansu da ƙoƙarin zagon-ƙasa ga tsarin demokradiyar ƙasar da ke yammacin Afirka.

Shi ya jagoranci kifar da tsohon shugaba, Ibrahim Boubacar Keïta, a ranar 18 ga watan Agustan shekarar da ta gabata.

Sai dai juyin mulkin 2020 ya samu maraba daga ƴan ƙasa da abokan hamayyar siyasa waɗanda suka gaji da tsarin shugabanci Mr Keita da kuma rashawar da ta dabaibaiye gwamnati.

An shafe makonnin ana tattaunawa kafin a cimma naɗa gwamnatin riƙon ƙwarya ta demokraɗiya a yarjejeniyar da aka cimma tsakanin jagororin juyin mukin da masu shiga tsakani na ƙungiyar ƙasashen yamma wato Ecowas.

Kanar Goïta aka naɗa a matsayin mataimakin shugaban ƙasar gwamnatin riko - wanda ke da ƙarfin fada aji a rundunar sojoji. An amince da shirya sabon zaɓen shugaban ƙasa da ƴan majalisa cikin wata 18.

Sai dai wannan yanayi mai wuyan sha'ani da sojoji suka sake bijiro da shi - wanda ya soma lokacin da sojojin suka cafke Mr Ndaw da Mr Ouane a ranar Litinin - na kasance banbarakwai ga Ecowas, wanda babban mai shiga tsakani, tsohon shugaban Najeriya Goodluck Jonathan, ke Mali domin shawo kan rikicin.

Babu lokaci mai yawa. A cikin wata 9 ake saran gudanar da zaɓuka kuma akwai buƙatar sauye-sauyen kundin tsarin mulki da ake dakon ya samu amintar majalisar riƙon-ƙwarya ko kuma ƴan ƙasa a ƙuri'ar jin ra'ayi.

Yanayin da ake gani a unguwanni ya sha banbam. A shekarar da ta gabata al'ummah sun saduda da gwamnatin Mr Keïta da zaƙuwar neman canji. Kuma Mr Ouane bai fuskanci irin wannan ƙiyayyar ba, wanda ke riƙon-ƙwarya. Ƙungiyoyin farar-hula sun yi alla-wadai da abin da ke faruwa.

Barazanar takunkumi

Ko da yake, yardar da ƙasashe maƙwabta da sauran duniya ke da shi kan Kanar Goïta ya ruguje a wannan makon - wanda ya fuskanci suka daga ɓangarori daban-daban, tuni dai Tarayyar Turai ta aike da saƙon barazanar takunkumi.

Yarjejeniyar da aka cimma a shekarar da ta gabata tsakanin sojojin da suka yi juyin-mulki da Ecowas ta aminta da cewa gwamnatin riƙon-ƙwarya za ta yi aiki tare da sojoji har a ɓangaren manyan naɗe-naɗe, sai dai hakan zai kasance ƙarƙashin jagorancin farar-hula, Mr Ndaw, wanda tsohon minista da soji ne mai ritaya.

Mali ta shiga domin har yanzu akwai tarin matsaloli - wanda ke zuwa da mamaki a ƙasar da ke fafutika daƙile mayakan jihadi a yankin arewa mai nisa da yarjejeniyar da aka cimma da ƴan tawaye masu rikicin ƙabilanci tsakanin manoma da makiyaya a yankin tsakiyar ƙasar.

Akwai ƙorafi kan rawar da gwamnatin riƙon-ƙwarya ke takawa, yayinda jami'iyyun adawa ke ganin an ware su.

Sai dai, Mr Ouane ya fitar da wani daftarin shirye-shirye da ya ke da yaƙinin zai daidaita tsarin demokraɗiyar ƙasar.

Amma da alama akwai masu ko iƙirarin tsarinsa na cike da buri don haka an rinƙa bayyana shaku kan daftarin firimiyar.

Yanzu duk waɗanan batutuwa sun kasance tambayoyi. Yarda da ake da ita kan jijircewar Kanar Goïta na gudanar da sahihin zaɓe - a sukurkuce take saboda jita-jitar da aka rinka yaɗawa cewa shima yana kwaɗayin ci gaba da zama a mulki.

A karo na biyu cikin ƙasa da shekara guda, aka cafke shugabannin gwamnatin Mali a barikin sojoji na Kati, da ke garin Bamako.

Da alama katsalandan da sojoji ke yi a harkar demokradiyar na sake tsananta.

A Maris ɗin 2021, fusatatun sojoji sun ƙwace mulki bayan wani bore da suka yi kan barinsu cikin wahala da salwantar rayukansu a hare-haren mayakan jihadi a cikin sahara, yayinda manyansu ke zama cin kwanciyar hankali suna mulki daga Kati da Bamako.

A wannan lokacin ma an shawo kan matsalar ta hanyar neman sulhu da kafa gwamnatin riƙo ta farar-hula mai rauni.

A shekarar da ta gabata, matsin da ake fuskanta daga mayakan jihadi ya taka rawa. Amma fushin da ake yi da Mr Keïta ya kasance babban uzurinsu, inda aka rinƙa zanga-zanga a tittunan birnin Bamako.

A wannan lokacin, fushin da sojojin ke yi shi ne maye gurbin biyu daga cikin tsoffin jami'ansu da suka taka rawa a juyin-mulki da wasu manyan ofisoshi.

Sojojin, ko kuma wadanda ke tare da Kanar Goïta, sun jadada dalilan daukan matakansu da yunkuri kare muradai, siyasa da tattalin arziki.

'Yaƙi da mayaƙan jihadi na fuskantar barazanar zagon-ƙasa'

Zuwa yanzu dai, a karo na biyu cikin ƙasa da shekara guda, Mr Jonathan ya sake tsintar kansa a birnin Mali, a ƙoƙarin shawo kan sojoji mulki ya koma hannun farar-hula - da ƙoƙarin ganin sun fahimci dalilin da yasa gwamnatocin yammacin Afirka da sauran ƙasashen duniya ba su shirya karbar tsarin mulkin soji ba.

Idan aka gaggara cimma fahimtar juna, me za ta kasance makoma?

Luluɓe ƙasar da takunkumin karayar tattalin arziki zai tsananta rayuwar al'ummar ƙasar da lalata tattalin arziki, da dama tuni ke cikin rauni saboda matsalolin tsaro da annoba.

To sai dai sanya takunkumi kan sojojin da suka aiwatar da juyin-mulkin zai yi tasiri?

Idan Mali ta kasance ƙarƙashin gwamnatin da ƙasashen duniya ba su aminta da ita ba, hakan zai haifar da cikas ga aiki tare da sojojin Mali da Faransa da Tarayyar Turai ke aiki a yanzu haka a ƙasar domin daƙile mayakan jihadi.

Wasu labarai masu alaƙa:

Mr Jonathan ya san cewa Ecowas na da cikakken goyon-baya daga Tarayyar Afirka da EU da Amurka da MDD, amma akwai batutuwa masu wahalar sha'ani wajen warware matsalolin.

Yana ƙoƙarin ƙauracewa duk wani batu da zai kai ga sojoji su samu ƙofar korafin cewa Ecowas na tsangwamarsu.

Amma hawa mulkin Kanar Goïta na tabbatar da cewa sojoji ke da cikakken iko da gwamnatin riƙon-ƙwarya da kuma haifar da tarnaki a fatan da ake da shi da gudanar da sahihin zaɓe a farkon shekara mai zuwa.

Akwai buƙatar bijiro da yanayi mai ƙarfi na diflomasiya wajen shawo kan wannan tataburzar da ake gani, wanda zai shawo kan matsin da sojoji ke yi da kuma tabbatar da mika mulki ga farar-hula da komawa kan tsarin kundin mulkin ƙasar ta fuskar demokraɗiya.