Tarihin rayuwar mijin Sarauniyar Ingila, Yarima Philip

Yarima Philips ya yi kima a idon al'umma bisa jajaricewarsa wajen tallafa wa Sarauniya.

Yana da matukar wahala ga kowane mutum ya taka rawar da Yarima Philips ya taka wajen tallafa wa matarsa Sarauniya, sabanin tun farko da ya saba da umarnin aikin rundunar sojan ruwa, ga shi da jajircewa kan ra'ayinsa a fannonin rayuwa da dama.

Duk da haka, irin karfin halinsa ya taimaka masa wajen sauke nauyin ayyukan da suka rataya akansa yadda ya kamata, sannan ya bayar da cikakken tallafi dungurungum ga matarsa a matsayinta na Sarauniya.

A matsayinsa na mijin mace mai mulki, Yarima Philips ba shi da matsayin mukami a kundin mulki. Sai dai babu wanda ya fi shi kusanci ga sarautar Sarauniya, koma a ce fifikon muhimmanci a gareta, fiye da yadda yake a da

Yarima Philips dan asalin kasar Girika ne, an haife shi ranar 10 ga Yunin 1921 a tsibirin Corfu.Shaidar haihuwarsa ta nuna ranar 28 ga Mayun 1921, don kasar Girka a lokacin ba ta amfani da kidayar kwanakin kalandar Girigoriya.

Mahaifinsa shi ne Yarima Andrew na kasar Girka, kuma karamin dan Sarki George na 1 a tsohuwar daular Greece. Mahaifiyarsa kuwa,ita ce Gimbiya Alice ta Battenberg, wadda ta kasance babbar 'yar Yarima Louis na Battenberg, kuma 'yar uwa ga babban mutum Earl Mountbatten na Burma.

Bayan da aka yi juyin mulki a shekarar 1922, masu rajin juyin juya hali sun kawar da mahaifinsa daga karagar mulkin Giris a tsohuwar daular Girka. Dan uwan mahaifinsa Sarki George V ya tura jirgin ruwan yakin Birtaniya don daukar iyalan zuwa Faransa, inda jariri Philips ya shafe tsawon wannan tafiya ta ruwa a cikin akwakwu da aka yi da kwandon lemu.

Ya kasance karamin da, namiji kwal a jerin 'yan uwa mata a zuri'arsu, kuma yarintarsa ta kasance cike da annashuwar rayuwa.

Yarima ya fara karatunsa a Faransa, amma lokacin da ya kai shekara bakwai, sai ya koma wajen danginsa (na uwa) wato Mounthbatten da ke Ingila, inda ya halarci makarantar share fage a Surrey.

Daidai wancan lokacin ne aka gano mahaifiyarsa na fama da matsananciyar cutar rudanin kwakwalwa (ta schizophrenia ) , kuma an killaceta a kebabben wuri. Lokacin Yarima na matashi bai cika samun damar ganawa da ita ba.

A shekarar 1933, sai aka tura shi karatu Jamus, wato Schule Schloss Salem da ke Kudancin Jamus, makarantar da ke karkashin kulawar wanda ya kafata Kurt Hahn. Sai dai cikin watanni kadan, Hahn wanda ya kasance Bayahude ne an tursasa shi ya yi gudun tsira daga azabtarwar 'yan Nazi

Ruwayar labarai

Hahn ya yi kaura zuwa Scotland, inda ya kafa makarantar Grandonston, wadda aka mayar da Yarima bayan da ya yi zangon karatu biyu a Jamus.

Yanayin Grandonston ya dace da yaron da ya tasa bayan ya rabu da iyayensa, har yake jin cewa ya tsayu da kansa.

Da wutar yaki ta ruru, sai Yarima Philip ya yanke matsayar shiga aikin soja. Da farko ya so shiga rundunar sojan saman Birtaniya, sai dai bisa la'akari da sana'a da al'adar zuri'ar mahaifiyarsa ta hada-hadar safara a ruwa, sai ya shiga kwalejin rundunar sojan ruwan Birtaniya a Dartmouth.

Lokacin da yake can sai aka sanya shi yin rakiya ga matasan gimbiyoyi biyu, Elizabeth da Magaret, yayin da Sarki George VI da Sarauniya Elizabeth suka kai ziyara kwalejin.

A cewar wanda lamarin ya auku a gabansa,Yarima Philips ya yi matukar hidima. Amma wannan haduwar ta yi matukar tasirin daukar hankalin Gimbiya Elizabeth 'yar shekara 13.

Philip bai bata lokaci ba wajen tabbatar da kansa a matsayin mashahurin gwarzo, inda ya kera daukacn 'yan ajinsu bayan kammala kwas dinsu a Janairun 1940, kuma ya gane wa idonsa hakikanin ayyukan soja a tekun Indiya karon farko.

Ya koma aiki a bakin daga kan jirginnuwan yaki HMS Valiant da ke tekun Mediterranian ,inda aka ambace shi a ruwayar labaran yaki saboda kwazon da ya nuna a yakin Cape Matupana shekarar 1941.

A matsayinsa na jami'in hangen nesa,ya bayar da muhimmiyar gudunmuwa wajen daukar kwararan matakan yaki da daddare.

"Na samu wani jirgin da ke cin wuta, wanda a hakikanin gaskiya ya tarwatse bayan da aka harba masa makami daga nisan inci 5."

Zuwa watan Oktobar 1942, ya kasance a jerin matasan soja na farko masu mukamin Lafnatar da ke aiki a hamshakin jirgin ruwan yakin nan 'HMS Wallace.'

Baiko

Daukacin wannan lokaci shi da Gimbiya Elizabeth suna yi wa juna wasiku har ta kai ga an gayyace shi ya zauna tare da iyalan gidan sarauta a lokuta da dama.

Daya daga irin wadannan ziyarce-ziyarce ne, lokacin Kirsimetin 1943, Elizabeth ta dora hoton Phiip sanye da kayan sojan ruwa a kan teburin kwalliyarta.

Dangantakarsu ta inganta ne lokacin da aka samu lumana, kodayake akwai fadawan da suka nuna adawarsu ta kull alaka, inda wani daga cikinsu ya kwatanta Yarima Philip a matsayi "hargitsattse mara tarbiyya."

Sai dai wannan matashiyar Gimbiya ta damfaru da soyayya, don haka a bazarar 1946, masoyinta ya bukaci Sarki ya ba shi 'yarsa ya aura.

Sai dai kafin a sanar da baikonsu, yariman na bukatar sabunta kasancewarsa dan kasa da lakabin zuri'arsa. Sai ya watsar da tushen martabarsa ta Girka, ya zama dan Birtaniya, sannan akaakaba masa sunan tushen mahaifiyarsa na Ingilishi, wato Mountbatten.

Ana gobe za a yi bikin daurin aurensu, Sarki George VI ya karrama shi da lakabin Mai martaba ga Philip, sannan ranar bikin auren sai aka yi masa lakabin sarautun Duke na Edinburgh da Earl na Merioneth da Baron Greenwich.

An yi bikin a Westminster Abey ranar 20 ga Nuwambar 1947. Lamarin ya kasance tamkar yadda Winston Churchill ya bayyana, cewa, "walwalin launuka"a rudanin bayan yaki a Birtaniya.

Karshen aikinsa

Basaraken Duke ya koma aikin sojan ruwa, kuma aka tura shi kasar Malta, inda a wani dan lokaci suka dandana rayuwar kowane irin iyali.

An haifi dansu na farko a fadar Buckingham a shekarar 1948 da 'yarsu Gimbya Anne, wadda aka haifa a shekarar 1950.

Ranar 2 ga Satumbar 1950 ya kai ga gaci wajen cimma burin kowane irin jami'in sojan ruwa, inda aka nada shi kwamandan rundunar the sloop HMS Magpie.

Amma aikin sojan ruwansa ya zo karshe. Saboda matsananciyar rashin lafiyar Sarki George VI ya yi nuni da cewa 'yarsa za ta ja ragamar ayyukansa, kuma tana bukatar maigidanta kusa da ita.

Philip ya dauki hutu daga rundunar sojan ruwa cikin Yulin 1951. Daga nan bai sake komawa bakin aiki ba. Basarake Duke ba mutum ba ne da ya taba tunanin nadama, amma ya ambata cewa daga bisani a rayuwa ya nuna rashin jin dadinsa na ci gaba da aikinsa na sojan ruwa.

Abokan aiki da suka yi zamani da shi, sun bayyana cewa a kashin kansa bisa kwazon aikinsa zai iya zama mai darajar farko a sojan ruwa.

A shekarar 1952, ma'auratan 'yan sarauta sun tafi ziyarar bude ido a kasashen da ke karkashin masarautar Ingila, wadda tun farko an tsara kai ta ne a tsakanin Sarki da Sarauniya.

Dabarun zamani

A lokacin da suke zaune a masaukin wurin shakatawa na Kenya cikin Fabrairu aka aiko da labarin mutuwar sarki. Bayan da ya yi fama da matsanancin ciwon zuciya mai-bulbulo da jini ba kakkautawa. Nauyin isar da sako ga matarsa ya hau kan Yarima, wato cewa yanzu ita ce Sarauniya

Wani aboki daga bisani ya kwatanta Yarima Philip a matsayin mutumin da ke jin tamkar an dora masa nauyin "rabin duniya."

Bisa hanin da aka yi masa na aikin sojan ruwa, dole ta sa ya kirkiro wa kansa wani matsayin, sannan kama ragamar mulkin Sarauniya ya daga kimar darajarsa.

Daidai lokacin nadin sarauta, sai dokar sarauta ta fito ta tabbatar da Yarima Philips ba shi da matsayin mukami a kundin mulki. Sai dai babu wanda ya fi shi kusanci ga sarautar Sarauniya, koma a ce fifikon muhimmanci a gareta .

Basarake Duke na damfare da managartan dabaru a mahangar tunanin zamani don inganta harkokin sarauta, amma dai ya samu tarnakin adawa daga dimbin magabta a tsakanin tsofaffin masu tsaron fada.

Babban takaici

Ya karkata akalar kwazonsa wajen kyautata harkokin zamantakewar rayuwa. Shi da wasu rukunin mazaje kan yi taro kowane mako a dakunan da ke saman dakin gidan abincin Soho da ke tsakiyar Landan.

A yawa-yawan taron cin abincin rana da zuwa wajen holewar dare, an sha daukar hotonsa da abokai hamshakan 'yan kwalisa.

Inda aka yarje wa Basarake Duke yin gaban kansa, shi ne a harkokin tafiyar da iyali, kodayake ya kasa samun galaba wajen lakaba wa 'ya'yansa sunan ahalin mahaifiyarsa Mountbatten, lamarin da zame masa babban abin takaici.

"Ni kadai ne mutumin da a kasar nan aka hana shi lakaba wa 'ya'yansa sunansa," a cewar korafin da ya yi wa abokansa.

A matsayi na iyaye Yarima Philips ya kasance a hargitse da yin bakam.

A ruwayar marubucin tarihin Yarima Charles, Jonathan Dinbleby, cewa ya kasance cike da takaici saboda caccakar al'umma game da mahaifinsa, don haka wannan dangantaka tsakanin mahaifi da babban dansa dankonta bai yaukaka ba.

Karfin hali

Philip ya jajirce kan cewa lallai Yarima chales sai ya halarci tsohuwar makarantar da ya halarta a Grondonstoun, wato da kyakkyawan zaton cewa dansa zai daina dabi'ar ko'in-kula.

Sai aka karke da haifar wa matashin Yariman kin makarantar, inda ya yi fama da kewayar gida, sannan masu cin zali suka dumfare shi

Dabi'ar Basarake Duke na nuni da wuyar sha'aninsa, don a wasu lokutan ya kasance cikin kadaicin yarinta.

Tun farkon shekarunsa aka tursasa masa dogaro da kansa, don haka lamarin ya yi masa wuyar fahimtar cewa ba kowa ke da karfin hali irin nasa ba.

Daya daga al'amuran da Yarima Philip ya damu da shi, shi ne walwalar jin dadin matasa, lamarin da ya zaburar da shi a shekarar 1956 ya kaddamar da lambar karramawa ta Basarake Duke na Edingburgh, ga wadanda suka samu nasarar kai ga gaci mai taken "Duke of Edingbuth Award."

Tsawon shekaru lafiyayyu da nakasassun mutane a fadin duniya su miliyan shida, wadanda shekarunsu ya kama daga 15 zuwa 25 sun kalubalanci kansu, ta hanyar aikin karfi ko basirar tunani da tausayin jinkai don yada ayyukan hadin gwiwa da kwazon aiki da kyautata muhalli.

"Idan za ka iya tallafa wa matasa su samu nasara a kowane fannin rayuwa," kamar yadda ya fada wa BBC, "wannan tunanin tabbatar da nasara zai bazu a wajen wasu da dama."

A daukacin rayuwarsa Basarake Duke ya himmatu wajen ayyuka da halarta taruka daban-daban, sannan yana shiga a dama da shi a harkoki yau da kullum.

'Kyakkyawan halinsa'

Shi mutum ne da ya yi fafutikar inganta rayuwar namun daji da kare muhalli, kodayake matakin da ya dauka na harbe wata damisa a ziyarar da ya kai Indiya cikin shekarar 1961 ya tayar da kura.

Wallafa hoton da aka yi, dauke da damisa a matsayin lambar yabon cin gasa, ya yi matukar haifar da rincabewar al'amura.

Duk da haka ya tattara kimar darajarsa da kwazonsa wajen tallafa wa Asusun kula da namun daji (WWF), wanda daga bisani ya koma Asusun Duniya na kula da Muhalli (WWFN), kuma ya zama zabin da ya dace daga shugabansa na farko.

"Na ji cewa lamarin na da ban mamaki yadda muke gudanar da managarciyar rayuwa cike da annashuwa a doron duniya, wadda daukacinta akwai alakar dogaro da juna," kamar yadda ya bayyana wa wakilin BBC da ya yi hira da shi.

Tsayuwa kai tsaye

Ya samu dimbin yabo bisa jajircewarsa wajen kare dazukan duniya da fafutikar hana yawan su (kamun kifaye) a teku.

Kuma Yarima Philip na matukar sha'awar masana'antu, inda yake ziyarar masana'antu, har ya zama uba ga kungiyar kula da masana'antu, wadda a yanzu ta zama Gidauniyar Aiki (Work Foundation).

A ganin masu masana'antu cikin shekarar 1961, Basarake Duke ya yi nuni da abin da ya dace kaitsaye, wato da ya ce musu: "Manyan mutane, lokaci ya yi da za mu tsame hannuwanmu."

Dabi'arsa ta yin al'amura kai tsaye wasu su fassara a matsayin taurin-kai da kan jefa shi cikin rikici. Ta tabbata ya shahara da yi wa al'amura mummunar fahimta, musamman a lokacin da yake kasar waje

Daya daga sharhinsa kan al'amura da ya shahara, shi ne lokacin da ya raka Sarauniya ta kai ziyara kasar Sin a shekarar 1986. Ya yi bayanin da ya rika ganin a dukunkune yake game da "tsukukun idanu."

Mujallu sun yi ta hayagagar baza lamarin , kodayake ba su yi wani tasiri a China ba.

A ziyarar da ya kai Austiraliya cikin shekarar 2002, ya tambayi wani dan kasuwa, dan asalin kabilar Austiraliya (Aborigine) kan cewa, "har yanzu kuna kai wa juna farmaki da mashi."

Tashin hankali

Yayin da ya sha sukar lamiri a wasu wurare kan kalamansa, wasu kuwa sun yi musu fahimtar ra'ayin jajirtaccen mutum na kashin kansa, wanda bai yarda wata manufa ta siyasa ta tauye shi ba.

Hakikanin gaskiya, wasu da dama sun fahimci al'amuran da aka dauka"katobararsa" a matsayin barkwancin cusa karsashi a taron mutane.

A daukacin rayuwarsa, Yarima Philip jajirtacce ne kan harkokin wasannin motsa jiki. Ya yi kai-kawo a jirgin ruwa da kwallon cricket da polo, kuma ya yi shuhura a tuka keken dawaki, sannan ya taba zama shugaban kungiyar sukuwar dawaki ta tarayya na tsawon shekaru.

Takaddamar tashin hankalin da ke tsakaninsa da babban dansa ta sake kunno kai ne bayan da Jonathan Dimbleby ya wallafa tarihin rayuwar Yarima Charles.

An ruwaito cewa Duke na Edingurgh ne ya tursasa Charles ya auri Diana Spencer.

Duk da haka Basarake Duke ya fi kowa neman masalaha da nuna kulawa fiye da yadda masu sukar lamirinsa suka haifar a shekarun da aka shiga kaka-ni-ka-yi, sa'adda auren 'ya'yansa ya watse .

Ya shige gaba a kokarin fahimtar matsalolin, tare da zaburarwa daga tuna yadda ya sha wahalhalu saboda auren da ya yi a gidan sarauta.

Ziyarar addini

Yarima Philip ya yi matukar jin takaicin lalacewar auren 'ya'yansa uku daga cikin hudu, wato Gimbiya Anne da Yarima Andrew, haka shi ma Yarima Charles.

Amma kodayaushe ba ya yin magana kan al'amuran da suka shafe shi a kashin kansa, kamar yadda ya bayyana wa wata jarida a shekarar 1994 bai taba yin haka ba a da, kuma ba zai fara daga bisani ba.

Nisan shekaru ba su dakushe harkokin rayuwarsa ba. Ya ci gaba da tafiye-tafiye masu yawa, daukacinsu na Asusun Duniya na kare muhalli ko raka Sarauniya ziyara a kasar waje.

Kuma ya kai ziyarar addini a kashin kansa zuwa Jerusalem a shekarar 1994 don ziyarar kabarin mahaifiyarsa. Don cika mata burinta a wasiyar da ta bari a binneta a can.

Kalaman tausasawa

Ya tausaya wa tsofaffin fursunonin Japan, wadanda ke ganin yana da wahala su iya yafe abin da aka yi musu.

Wuyar sha'aninsa ta yi sauki daga bisani cikin shekaru, lamarin ya faru ne sanadiyyar matsananciyar kyarar al'umma ga iyalan gidan sarauta , bayan mutuwar Diana, Gimbiyar Wales.

A shekarar 2007 an wallafa wasikun da suka aike wa juna tsakanin Basarake Duke da Gimbiya a kokarin karyata ikirarin cewa ya yi wa matar dansa (surukarsa) matsin lamba.

Wasikun an yi musu lakabi da 'zuwa ga uba - Dear Pa' sun yi nuni da cewa ya kasance mai matukar tallafa wa Diana, al'amarin da suka tabbata a kalamansa na tausasawa kamar yadda ya rubuta mata.

Mohammed Al Fayed, mahaifin abokin Diana na karshe, Dodi, ya yi nuni da cewa akwai yiwuwar cewa an kasheta ne bisa umarnin Yarima Philip, zargin da aka yi watsi shi.

Yarima Philip, Duke na Edingurgh, mai karfin hli ne da ya tsayu a kashin kansa, kawai ya samu kansa ne a matsayin jigo a al'ummar Birtaniya.

'Kin aminta da sakarci'

Ya kasance shugaba tsayayye, wanda aka tursasa shi zama mataimaki: mutumin da ya samu horon soja a kusan kodayaushe yana zaman dar-dar na jinjina matsayinsa.

"Kawai na yi abin da nake jin cewa shi ne ya dace," kamar yadda ya taba fada wa BBC. "Ba zan iya sauyawa ba kawai kwatsam daukacin yadda nake yin abubuwa. Ba zan iya sauya ra'yina ba ko yadda nake mayar da martani kan al'amura . Wannan kawai shi ne tsarin salona."

Firayiminista David Cameron ya tabbatar hakan (tsarin salonsa) lokacin da ya yi masa sakon taya murnar cika shekara 90 a Yunin 2011.

"A kodayaushe yana yin harkokinsa a tsari na daban, tare da kankan da kai, da rashin yarda da sakarci, al'amarin da nake ganin yana burge mutanen Birtaniya."

Murabus daga ayyukan al'umma

Basarake Duke ya daina tafiyar da harkokin al'umma a shekarar 2017 bayan ya shafe shekaru yana tallafa wa Sarauniya, tare da halartar tarukan kungiyoyin ayyukan jinkansa.

Fadar Buckingham ta kididdige ayyukan da ya gudanar shi kadai tun daga shekarar 1952, inda yawansu ya kai 22,219.

Firayiminista Theresa May ta yi masa godiya kan "managarciyar gudunmuwar tafiyar da harkokin al'umma."

Philip ya samu nasarar ta hanyar amfani da mukaminsa wajen bayar da gudunmuwa mai yawa ga rayuwar al'ummar Birtaniya, tare da tallafa wa harkokin sarauta su daidaita da zamantakewar rayuwar zamani tsawon rayuwa.

Sai dai babbar nasarar da ya samu ita ce jajircewarsa wajen tallafa wa Sarauniya a tsawon shekarun mulkinta.

Yana da tabbacin cewa aikinsa, kamar yadda ya bayyana wa marubucin tarihinsa, shi ne "tabbatar da cewa Saraunya ta iya gudanar da mulki."

A jawabin da ya gudanar wajen bikin cikar aurensad a Sarauniya shekara 70, inda ya yaba wa mijin Sarauniya, wanda shi ne mijin Basarakiya da ya dade yana tafiyar da harkokin al'umma a tsawon tarihi.

"Shi mutum ne da ba kasafai yake nuna jin dadin yabo ba, amma dai ya kasance Karin kwarin gwiwa da ya tsayu da ni tsawon wadannan shekarun. Kuma ni da daukacin iyali, kan wannan da sauran kasashe da dama, za mu yi ta matukar yaba masa fiye yadda yake ikirarin ji ko muka taba sani.