Cmr mentioned as a moderate salt consumer country - Tufts Univ research

Virtually every adult on the planet consumes a little bit more salt than they should, Tufts University researchers have determined, with an average of 3.95 grams of sodium consumed per person per day–nearly double the two grams daily recommended by the World Health Organization.

The taste for soy in Asia, stews in Eastern Europe and bread and processed food in the United States leads to 1.65 million deaths annually from diseases attributable to excess sodium consumption, a major cause of high blood pressure the world over, according to a study published Thursday in the New England Journal of Medicine. Forty percent of those deaths occurred before the age of 70, and 84 percent were in low- and middle-income countries.

The death rate, mainly from heart disease and stroke, was lowest in Kenya (four deaths per million adults) and highest in Georgia (1,967 deaths per million).

Out of 187 countries for which data was available 181 showed that adults consume too much sodium, the researchers concluded.

Adults in only a handful of African nations — notably Kenya, Cameroon and Gabon — were able to keep their sodium consumption below the recommended level.

Nearly 10 percent of all deaths from cardiovascular causes were attributed to excess sodium intake. “One in 10 is quite large,” said Dariush Mozzafarian, dean of the Friedman School of Nutrition Science and Policy at Tufts University, who led the research. He noted the “enormous rates of stroke in China, Eastern Europe and Central Asia.”

Reduction of sodium intake leads to lower blood pressure and may result in fewer deaths. “What needs to be done is to have a national, coordinated policy” on salt in food for the United States, Mozzafarian said. The FDA has said it plans to work with the food and beverage industries to voluntarily reduce salt in food, an approach that has shown some success in the United Kingdom, Mozzafarian said.

Consumers need to “stand up and ask the government to do something about sodium in the food supply,” he said.

In contrast to the recommendations of the WHO, the Ameican Heart Association and other groups, a large study in the same edition of the New England Journal of Medicine reported that consumption of three to six grams of salt a day was associated with “a lower risk of death and cardiovascular events than was either a higher or lower estimated level of intake.”

The study suggested that people who consumed fewer than three grams of sodium daily faced a 27% higher risk of death or a heart attack or stroke, underscoring the degree to which the proper amount of salt intake remains a controversial subject.

The Tufts researchers collected information on salt intake in 66 countries that account for 74.1 percent of the world’s adult population and modeled it for the rest. They estimated that regional average sodium consumption ranged from a low of 2.18 grams to a high of 5.51 grams, with the greatest salt consumption in eastern Europe and Central Asia.